Composition of matter for lubricating internal-combustion engines



UNITED STATES LUTHER B. LOGKHAIRT, OF ATLANTA, GEORGIA.

oomrosrrron or MATTER non LUBRIGATING IivrERNAn-ooMBUs'rIon ENGINES.

No Drawing.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LUTHER B. LOQKHART,

a citizen of the United States, residin -at Atlanta, in the county of Fulton and tate of Georgia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Composition 'of' ubricating Internal-Combustion Matter for Engines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a composition of matter for use in lubricating internal combustionengines, the same being adapted to'be applied to the engines and arts thereof, internally and externally o the combustion chambers An important object of the invention is to provide a li bricating composition of matter of the character described, that will have a specifically increased viscosity, whenexposed to a hi h degree of heat, in the combustion cham ers of the engine, and which,

will'have a normal and not prohibitive viscosity, when functioning as applied to parts exteriorly of the combustion chamber.

In accordance with the preferred form of my invention, I employ heavy mineral oil,

distilled or undistilled, or a heavy oil mix-.

ture. This heavy mineral oil is suitable to some extent, for the lubrication internally and externally of internal combustion engines." With this heavy'mineral oil, I thoroughly incorporate a small amount, of a light mineral oil distillate, which is ordi- 1 narily too light for lubricating the parts of an internal combustion engine, but heavier than light kerosene. The light oils employed are ordinarily of greater volatility than the light spindle oil. The light oil which gives the best result has about the volatility of mineral seal, mineral sperm, or mineral colza oil. The light oils which I have found advantageous to employ are the heavy ends of kerosene,'headlight test illuminating 011.

I have found that satisfactory results are obtainable by employing from fourto five per cent. b respect to t e weight of theheavy oilbut the invention is, of course, in no sense restricted to these proportions, asthe' same may be widely varied as may be found advantageous. matter has an approximately normal visoil, and heavy or high weight of the light oil with he resultant composition of v Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Feb; 22, .1921 Application filed'september 5,1918. Serial No. 252,733.

PATIENT-OFFICE.

cosity, for lubricating the external parts of 96%, and headlight oil 4%.

(B) Mineral oil of 800 Saybolt viscosity 95%, and heavy kerosene 5%. (C) Mineraloil of 1200 Saybolt viscosity 94%, and mineral sperm oil 6%.

My composition of matter is therefore made up of viscous hydrocarbons, either distlllates or undistilled residue, or a mixture of the same, with or'without fixed oils, and a relatively small amount of specifically volatile hydrocarbons. As a result of this, the composition of matter has a decided deficiency or absence of hydrocarbons of intermediate boiling points.

p In the use of my lubricating composition of matter, as applied to the'exterior parts of an internal combustion engine, it has been found that the composition of matter is of approximately normal. viscosity, whereby I lubrication proceeds normally, with very little volatiliz'ation of the light oil taking place. This small amount of volatilization 'is largely due to the incorporationof the longed exposureto normal heat of the lower cylinder walls. l I

. Due .to the normal viscosity of the lubri-' cating composition of matter, only a normal amount of the same will gainaccess to-the interior of the internal combustion chamber,.,'where it is instantly exposed to severe heat conditions. Under these conditions,

' the light oil volatilizes from the "composition of matter, also aiding involatilizing off the v lighter ends of the heavier oil. As a result of this, a heavier oil is left, applied to the" walls of the cylinder to be consumed in the usual manner. This heavier oil has a higher Y oil or oil residue produces and maintains a viscosity than the original. composition of f j ion film upon the wall of the cylinder, and this film can resist the action of heat to a greater extent. Further, the vaporization of the light oil produces a protective vapor film, starting from the surface of the heavy oil film, which serves to. protect the heavy oil film, to a considerable extent, from the .ac-

tion of hot gases, thereby prolonging its life.

high heat of the explosion chamber for less The prolongation of the life of the heavy oil film, particularly during the firing stroke of the piston which is the most destructive stroke, is believedto produce important effects on the proper lubrication of the engine, duringthe succeeding stroke 01' strokes. In-

many modern explosive engines, as for automobiles, etc., the oil film 1s exposed to the than 1 of a second before the film can be renewed by the moving piston. It will be readily seen that a slight prolongation of the life of the heavy oil film, will play an important part in lubricating the cylinder and piston, during the subsequent strokes.

It is to be understood that the form of my invention herewith described is to be taken as a preferred example of the same and that various-changes maybe resorted to in the proportions in which the several ingredients are combined, and that known chemical equivalents may be employed, without departing from the spirit of my invention, or the scope of the subjoined claims. Having thus described my invention, I claim 1. A composition of matter for lubricating internal combustion engines, consisting of a relatively large amount of heavy mineral oil, and a re atively small amount of light mineral oil incorporated therewith, said light mineral oil havin a high volatility but lower than the v0 atility of light kerosene, the light mineral oil bemg unsuitable for ordinary lubrication, the entire mass having a viscosity suitable for the external lubrication'of the en 'ne, and the heavy mineral oil after the lig t mineral oil has been volatilized therefrom in whole or in part having a greater viscosity than the viscosity .of the entlre mass and being adapted for lubr-ication of the internal portions of the, engine.

2. A composition of matter for lubricating internal combustion engines, consisting of a relatively large amount of heavy mineral oil, and a relatively small amount of light mineral oil incorporated therewith,

said light mineral oil having a greater volatility than light spindle oiland a lesser volatilitythan light kerosene, the light mineral oil being unsuitable for ordinary lubrica tion, the entire mass having a viscosity suitable for the external lubrication of the engine, and the heavy mineral oil after the light mineral has been volatilized therefrom in whole or in part'having a greater viscosity than the viscosity of the entire mass and being'adapted for the lubrication of the in ternal portions of the engine.

3. A composition of matter for lubricat-- ing internal combustion engines, consisting of approximately 19'parts of heavy mineral oil and approximately 1 part of a second oil having a volatility similar to mineral sperm oil, the second oil being unsuitable for ordinary lubrication, the entire mass havin a viscosity suitable for the external lubrication of the engine, and the heavy mineral oil after the second oil has been volatilized therefrom in whole or in art havinga greater viscosity than the viscosity of the entire mass and being adapted for the lubrication of the internal portions of the engine.

4. A composition of matter for lubricating internal combustion engines, consisting of a heavy oil, and approximately four per cent. by weight of mineral sperm oil, the entire mass having a viscosity suitable for the external lubrication of the engine, and the heavy mineral oil after the mineral sperm oil has been volatilized therefrom in whole or in part having a greater viscosity than the viscosity of the entire mass and being adapted for the lubrication of the internal portions of the engine.

5.,A composition of matter for lubricat ing internal combustion engines, consisting of approximately 19 parts of heavy oil, and approximately 1 part of heavy illuminating oil, the entire mass having a viscosity suitable for the external lubrication of the engine, and the heavymineral oil after the heavy illuminating oil has been volatilized therefrom in whole or in part having a greater viscosity than the viscosity of the ,entire mass and being adapted for the lubrication of the internal parts of the engine.

6. A composition of matter forlubricating internal combustion engines,'consisting of a heavy oil and relatively small amount of light non-lubricating oil which is heavier than light kerosene whereby the composition has a substantial deficiency of hydrocarbons of intermediate boiling points.

.7. A composition of matter for lubricat 

